Hey there, space enthusiasts! Get ready to embark on an odyssey into the fascinating world of Chandrayaan 3 and its mind-blowing findings on the moon.
Sach hone ki Khatir Jo
sapne keemat maangenge
Jaag ke raatein keemat bhar Dena,
Nazdeek se nazrein dekhein toh
khushiyon ke aansu aayein
Tu nazron ko vo manzar Dena... ๐ต
Chandrayaan 3 latest news update
This is a proud moment for us Indians as India has done what no one could ever do till now. The south pole or the far side of the moon, which is never explored before, India's Moon mission has successfully achieved soft landing on it ๐ฎ๐ณ. ISRO has took learnings from its Chandrayaan 2 mission and used those learnings while working on Chandrayaan 3 and it has resulted in success using the Mission Mangal technique (orbiting around the planet using planetary gravity and saving fuel) and it's a huge success for not only India but for the entire human civilization so brace yourselves for an incredible journey filled with discoveries that will leave you in awe.
Check out my another blog also - urslyrically.online (made with coffee ☕ for all the music lovers)
Chandrayaan 3's Amazing Lunar Discoveries
First things first, let's talk about the moon's surface composition. Chandrayaan 3 carried some seriously advanced instruments to analyze the very essence of the lunar surface. It's like sending a team of super sleuths to uncover the moon's deep, dark secrets. And guess what they found? Clues about the moon's geological history and volcanic activity. It's like piecing together a lunar puzzle that tells us how our celestial neighbor came to be.
Important points to remember for UPSC/PSC/NDA :-
launch date - 14 July 2023
Launch place - Satish Dhawan space centre
Landing date - 23 August 2023 (Designated as Indian National Space day)
– A proud moment for us Indians ๐ฎ๐ณ
Landing place - South Pole of the moon
Landing site - Shiv Shakti (named by PM Narendra Modi on 26 August 2023)
Lander Name - Vikram
Rover Name - Pragyan
ISRO Chairman - S. Somanath
Water on the Moon
But wait, there's more! Chandrayaan 3 made a groundbreaking discovery that left scientists jumping for joy - the presence of water ice and volatile compounds on the moon's surface. Water ice on the moon? Yes, you read that right! Imagine the possibilities this holds for future explorers and potential lunar colonies. Water is life, my friends, and having a water source on the moon means we have a shot at sustainable life beyond Earth. Talk about turning science fiction into reality!
Atmosphere of the Moon
Now, let's talk atmosphere - and no, we're not talking about cozy moonlit dinners under a romantic sky. Chandrayaan 3 was all about studying the moon's thin atmosphere and plasma environment. Understanding how the moon's atmosphere interacts with the Sun's radiation not only gives us insights into our lunar buddy, but also helps us in unraveling the mysteries of other planetary atmospheres. Plus, who doesn't love a good space weather report?
Formation of the Moon
Are you ready for some impact? Chandrayaan 3 examined impact cratering and lunar geophysics. Picture a CSI team investigating a cosmic crime scene. By studying the distribution and characteristics of impact craters, scientists have been able to piece together the moon's impact history, ultimately revealing valuable insights into the moon's formation and evolution. It's like getting a firsthand look at a lunar time capsule.
Inside of the Moon
But Chandrayaan 3 didn't stop there - it went deep, really deep. Literally. Equipped with seismometer named ILSA (Instrument for lunar seismic activities) , this adventurous spacecraft listened for moonquakes! Just imagine the moon shaking and rattling, like a lunar dance party. By studying these moonquakes, scientists could unlock secrets about the moon's interior structure. We're talking core, mantle, and crust - the whole lunar package! It's like peering into the moon's heart and understanding its very essence. This discovery could tell us if Moon is geologically active like Earth and was it a part of the Earth in the past.
Temperature of the Moon
On 27th August 2023, Vikram lander, using its ChaSTE (Chandra's surface thermo physical Experiment) detector it recorded the temperature of the surface of the moon which is 50 degree Celsius but as it went deeper the temperature drastically decreased, when it went just 10 cm deep on the moon's surface the temperature dropped to -10 degree Celsius which surely means that moon's top soil act as a thermal insulator and consist of some element(s) which trap sun's heat and prevent it from penetrating deeper keeping the inner part cool, so cool.
And ISRO has officially declared on it's website (
https://www.isro.gov.in/) that what we are thinking is actually true. This could indicate towards future colonization of moon. If we could somehow create bricks Outta topsoil of the moon, because it could trap the inside heat of the room as Moon's outer soil temperature sometimes drop to -232 degree Celsius.
Elements on the Moon
Lets understand how Chandrayaan 3 detected that Moon is habitable and there possibility of life. On 28th August 2023, Pragyan Rover, using its two hi-tech instruments, studied the top soil of the moon. Those instruments are:-
• LIBS (Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy) &
APXS (Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer)
LIBS detected Iron, Aluminium, Titanium, Calcium, Chromium, Titanium, Manganese, Silicon and even Oxygen in the top soil of the Moon. As you can see in the graph below:-
And the other instrument APXS also confirmed this. And it's significant because both these instruments use different techniques to detect these elements. Now Lets understand how these instruments work.
LIBS focuses a laser beam on a small part of the lunar soil, because of this that small part of soil heats up and becomes plasma, and since plasma is the fourth fundamental state of matter made up of ions and electrons so this plasma emits light while cooling down and LIBS detect this light using a spectrometer. The spectrometer analyse this light to detect the elements present in the soil. Every element absorbs a light of a specific wavelength and the spectrometer analyse at which particular wavelength(s) dark bands are forming and this gives information about which element(s) is/are present there. Whereas
APXS focuses Alpha particles/proton beam on the lunar soil instead of laser beam. These high energy Alpha particles cause the electrons present in the inner orbit of the atoms of the elements present in the soil to get excited and jump to outer orbit(s) and in turn leave the orbits of the atom due to excess repulsive force between the nucleus and the electron. Now to fill the void created by the inner electron, outer electron(s) jump to inner orbit while emitting it's excess energy in the form of X-rays. These energies of the emitted X-rays are different for different elements. Studying these X-rays APXS gives information about the elements present there.
LIBS and APXS have detected these elements on the lunar surface but among these, the most interesting element is Sulphur as it could tell us a lot about the origin of the Moon. There could be two reasons why Sulphur is present there. First, it came from asteroids falling on the Moon and second, it was already present there and if ISRO could prove this second possibility to be true then it will be proven that Moon has gone through volcanic activities in the past because Sulphur originates from Volcanic eruptions.
And now as we know that Moon's top soil act as a thermal insulator so among the elements detected by LIBS and APXS the element which could trap heat are Sulphur, Titanium and Calcium Sulphate. So from studying these observations from a macro perspective we can say that Sulphur and Titanium must be abundant elements present on the Moon.
Plasma on the Moon
On 31 August, Rambha-LP started studying near surface plasma, Rambha-LP is an antenna like probe used for detecting plasma concentration in the atmosphere of the Moon. Because of solar radiation Moon soil particles get excited and the ions and electrons present in those particles take the form of plasma and as we all know, flowing ionised particles means Current (I).
Rambha-LP, using this current detected the concentration of ions and electrons in the plasma and it found that in 1 cubic meter (m) volume there are 30 million electrons whereas in Earth's atmosphere 30 million electron's are present in 1 cubic centimetre (cm) volume. This huge discovery will help not only India but the whole world. High volume of charged particles and plasma can create background noise interfering with the radio waves while transferring signals to make communication. Now using the data of Rambha-LP, we could establish clear communication between Earth and Moon or on the Moon itself. This data could also help in making the future moon colonies plasma proof.
Colonizing the Moon
Now to colonize Moon we can't use the same bricks we use here on Earth because of transportation and Solar Radiation. So we have to develop brick which could survive in the Moon's atmosphere for a long enough time. To make these bricks the Researchers of ISRO and Indian Institute of Science for the first time, clubbed biology and mechanical engineering to develop a sustainable process.
One of the main researchers of these bricks - Scientist Alok Kumar
Four main elements researchers used for making these Moon bricks are:-
• Urea (extracted from human urine)
• Artificial Moon soil (because scientists were expecting that there would be Calcium in the real moon soil)
• Guar Gum (extracted from Guar Bean)
• Sporosarcina Pasteurii Bacteria (which makes durable Calcium Carbonate crystals using Urea and Calcium)
The process of making these bricks is simplified, we just have to mix these things and incubate it for 10 to 14 days but there's a problem, this process has a limitation. While making these bricks the team remembered that there are many salts present in the lunar soil like chaotropic salts and Sulphate salts which blocks metabolism of micro-organisms and if metabolism will not happen then Calcium Carbonate will not form. The only limitation in this process is bacteria. But if we could somehow find a way to isolate these bricks from sulphate salts then this could be viable process.
Conclusion
So there you have it, fellow space geeks! Chandrayaan 3's incredible mission to the moon has unveiled a treasure trove of knowledge. From unraveling the moon's geological past to discovering water ice and volatile compounds, from studying the lunar atmosphere to investigating impact cratering and moonquakes, this mission has left no stone unturned, or should I say, no moon rock unexamined. NASA spacecraft also spotted Chandrayaan 3 Vikram lander on the lunar surface.
As we eagerly await future missions and the next chapter in lunar exploration, the findings and knowledge gained from Chandrayaan 3 will continue to inspire and push the boundaries of our understanding. So keep looking up at the night sky, my fellow dreamers, for the moon is no longer an unattainable fantasy - it's a destination that we are inching closer to, thanks to the groundbreaking discoveries of Chandrayaan 3.
Getting Ben 10 vibes? We 2000s kids can never forget our childhood. The science fiction of 2005 is appearing to be true in 2023. What next? Pragyan Rover will be exploring moon for 1 lunar day which is equivalent to 14 Earth days because after that it will get night on the south pole of the moon and Chandrayaan 3 will get deactivated as it will get no solar energy. It has already observed the moon ๐ for a time equivalent of 12 Earth days. Next Lunar day will start on 22nd September. Till then Pragyan Rover and Vikram Lander will be in hibernation. On 4th September ISRO gave a second soft landing command to Vikram and it went up at a height of 40 cm and again achieved a soft landing on the moon.
Chandrayaan 4 (LUPEX)
The thing which created the hype about Chandrayaan 2, Water. To detect that ISRO is planning Chandrayaan 4 or LUPEX (Lunar polar exploration) mission which will be in collaboration with Japanese space company JAXA. Tentative date of it's launch is 26 April 2026. In a way ISRO wil be helping the Japanese rover to achieve soft landing on the Moon's South Pole. In this mission the rover and the launch vehicle will be manufacturing by JAXA and the lander will be manufactured by ISRO.
Main focus of LUPEX will be detecting water traces on the polar region of the Moon, detecting safe points for human landing on Moon's South Pole and researching about survival conditions during Moon nights. Because during lunar nights, the temperature at the polar region becomes extremely low. That's why the size of lander will smaller this time. This mission will also complete the observations which will be left incomplete by the Chandrayaan 3
But wait second, In 2010, during JAXA Hayabusa mission, Japanese scientists successfully landed a spacecraft on an asteroid named 25143 - Itokawa and with they help of that they collected and brought samples of that asteroid to Earth also. So the question is do they really need help from Indian scientists? Yes, here's why
Because that asteroid is 5 times farther than the Moon (0.0131 AU) and its size (329 miles in diameter) is 11 times less than that of the Moon wiz. 1080 miles in diameter. So landing on that asteroid was comparatively easier than landing on the Moon because Moon gravity pulls any spacecraft towards its surface with a great force and due to shorter distance its a big task to decelerate the speed of the spacecraft within time so that it does not crash on the lunar surface. That is the reason behind the failure of Japan's Hakuto-R mission 1 which was conducted in April 2023 which crashed during the landing.
FAQs (frequently asked questions)
Q - Is chandrayaan 3 successfully landed on moon?
A - Yes, it has successfully achieved soft landing on the moon's south pole.
Q - Is chandrayaan 3 successful?
A - Yes, India's Moon mission is successful. ๐ฎ๐ณ
Q - Is chandrayaan 3 manned?
A - No, it is not a manned mission.
Q - Is chandrayaan 3 visible from earth?
A - It is not visible from Earth as it has landed on the south pole of the moon which was never explored before but you could have watched it using a telescope while it was travelling in the orbit of Earth to the Moon.
Q - Is chandrayaan 3 success or failure?
A - It is a success.
Q - Is chandrayaan 3 a satellite?
A - No, it's not a satellite, it's a Mission equipped with a lander and a rover.
Q - What did the moon say after india's chandrayaan 3 craft landed on it?
A - umm ๐ค it must have said "Oh guests, long time no see"
Q - Chandrayaan 3 finally landed how are you all feeling about it?
A - We are feeling very proud about it. ๐ฎ๐ณ
Q - What is the full form of PSLV?
A - Polar satellite launch vehicle.
Q - Who is the project director of Chandrayaan 3?
A - P. Veeramuthuvel is the project director of this mission.
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